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w     m        mm   m        ■  ■ 

Alexander  Hamilton 
Institute  (U.S.) 


Dm  ^  ^  g  ^  ^ 

esk  effiCTency 


Place: 


Date: 


[1918] 


COLUMBIA  UNIVERSITY  LIBRARIES 
PRESERVATION  DIVISION 


MASTER  NEGATIVE  * 


BIBLIOeRAPHIC  MICROFORM  TARGET 


RESTRICTIONS  ON  USE: 


MATERIAL  AS  FILMED  -  EXISTING  BiBUOGRAPHIC  RECORD 


Alexander  Hamilton  institute.  New  York. 

...  Desk  efficiency.  New  York,  Alexander  HamiL 
ton  institute,  cl918, 

cover-title,  19  numb.  1.    plates.    29  cm. 
(Modern  business,  report  no.  86) 

Multigraphed. 


TECHNICAL  MICROFORM  DATA 


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Cobtmlita  (Bnitteiaiftp 
titHieCtipiiflitoSiiik 

LIBRARY 


Schcx>l  of  Business 


MODERN  BUSINESS 

REPORT  No.  86 


I':  ■  >  -> !  if   f  J !  ■  5 '  f-i e;:  s  j  ij  i  z.  itjf 

C'Cj  "I""  --"'-I  -i^'  *  ■« "~  j'ity 


••••••••• 

•  •  •  ■  •  •  , 

*  **  •••  •« 

:    :  •/ 

"  •  •  • 


Alexander  Hamilton  institute 

48TOR  PLACE.  NEW  YORK 


COPYmOHT  1918.  BY  ALEXANDER  HAMILTON  INSTITUTI 


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Alexander  Hamilton  Institute 


AsTOfi  PiACK.  New  Yo 


AD¥iMiiv  eoyiili 


inSElPH  FRENCM'  lOMNSON  D  C^.  LL.0 
FRANK  A.  VAN'DEi%LiP#  LL.D. 


JEREMIAH  W.  JENKS,  Pii.D..  LL.D. 
JOHN  HAYS  HAMMOND.  DJSc,  LL.D. 


s  


'CJolltfcflOfit 


r .  do  BOWER, 

Sales  and  Advertising  PfMdm 

RALPH  STARR  BUTLER, 
Mmrketinff  MethodM 

'iiifilit*  rw  w  u%MSt  I   Ma  *ii  I-  li  I  ^^r6?| 

EDWIN  J.  CLAPP. 

Tfwmportaiim  ami  Terminal  #solllll0f 

RAYMOND  J.  COMYNS, 

Fmrmml  SalemmmMp 

ROLAND'  P.  FALKIBIIi^ 
Bminess  Statittlm 

MAJOR  B.  FOSTER. 
Banking  PHndplea 

LEE  GALLOWAY. 

ftuitiitfiiil  OffUfilMitlofi 

CHARLES  W.  GERSTENBERiGk 
Corporaiim  nmmm 

Mmmnitive  TraMng 

LEO  CREENDUNGER. 

Biitlfi€«f  and  Financial  Statementi 

EDWARD  R.  HARDY. 


WARREN  F.  HICKERNELL. 
Biff Ifieif  CmSmmM 

HARRY  A.  HOPF. 
Office  Managemmd 

ERNEST  E.  JENKS. 
^cofioffito  PrindpUM 

JEREMIAH  W.  JENKa 

Relation  of  Oovemment  to  Buainen 

JOSEPH  FRENCH  JOHNSON. 

Bm^trnm  MiMm 
WALTER  S.  JOHNSON, 


EDWARD  D.  JONES 
Inimtments 

JOHN  a  JONES. 
Sales  Management 

PHILIP  B.  KENNEDY 

DEXTER  S.  KIMBALL, 
Cost  Finding 

BERNARD  LICHIENBERG. 

Advertising  Prineiplm 

WALTER  LINDNER. 

Iteal  Estate 

MILTON  E.  LOOMIS. 

3Iunicipal  Finance 

HARRISON  McJOHNSTON. 

Business  Correspondence 

FRANK  L.  McVEY, 

Moommim 

JOHN  THOMAS  MADDEN. 

Accounting  ProfMoe 

MAC  MARTIN, 

Advertising  Campaigns 

THOMAS  W.  MITCHELL. 

Accounting  Principles 

E.  L.  SflWART  PATTERSON, 
Bomestie  and  Foreigm  EmMnge 

FRED  C.  RUSSELL, 
AudMing 

W.  W.  3WANSON. 

Canadian  Railways  and  Cmreneif 

JOHN  B.  SWINNEY, 

MiTchandising 

PETER  P.  WAHLSTAD, 

Cfediia 

WOJUAM  R  WALKER. 

Financial  Prohlems 

ERICH  W.  ZIMMERMANN, 
Foreign  Tmilf  mnd  SM§§im§ 


) 


itfort  8€ 

mm 

thi  •o-«*llti  tffioienoj  sovtmiit  has  lervod 
o«l«mtor  in  nMrlf  all  fitMs  of  induitrf . 

Th»  fmotorj  aai  gtntral  prodttotion  dtpariiitiitfl  liave  un- 
doubttdljr  profited  Bore  hj  thU  novomont  than  the  innar  offices  or 
planning  dtpartaents •    In  facti  manf  an  eieontive  has  fowmlated  exttn- 
si¥i  plans  for  an  if fioiency  caapaifn  to  inortase  the  output  of  his 
production  departnent  while  his  own  desk  was  greatlj  in  need  of  over- 
hauling of  the  same  sort  and  naj  even  possihlf  have  been  to  blame  for  tha 
verf  flaws  he  was  trjing  to  reaedy  in  other  departments. 

The  office  desk  seems  to  have  been  among  the  last  to  come 
under  the  efficiency  scheme.    This  is  to  be  regretted,  for  nowhere  is 
efficiency  more  necessary  than  in  the  handling  of  correspondence,  orders, 
and  other  matters  that  fall  to  the  lot  of  the  worker.    Especially  is 
this  true  In  the  case  of  the  eiecutiv©  whose  time  is  always  valuable. 

The  present  Report  attempts  to  show  how  waste  of  time  and 
effort  in  the  office  may  be  avoided  by  a  practical  arrangement  of 
ilesks  selected  with  due  regard  to  the  needs  of  the  occupants. 


OUTLHH  of  HIPOET  86 


I    A  DESK  SYSTKM 

1,  A  long-Heglected  Field 

2,  Evolution  of  the  Office  Bask 

3*  Funotion  of  the  Desk 

4.  Obstacles  to  Orerooiie 

1.  Desk  for  Clerical  Work 

2.  Desk  for  Stenographic  fork 
3*  Desks  for  Bookkeepers 

•  Upright  Tub  Desk 

5.  Unit  Card  Record  Desk 
6*  Desks  for  Salesmen 

7.  Salesmen's  Unit  Desk 

8«  Desks  for  Itzecutives  ^ 

9«  lfi.scellatte'0iia  De'Sks 

/%'|P"|p  "I  if^'lp'  fUATDQ 

XX A      KJwWJJJ'm   VPH  tnff 

Im  For  Clerks 

2*  For  Stenographers 

3.  For  Executives 

I¥    DISK  EQUIPMENT  AND  SUPPLIES 

1,  The  Desk  Topr- 

.  The  Interior  of  Desk 
3.  Desk  Helps  for  Department  Heads  and  Ixeoutivea 

¥   LAYOUT'  OF  'THE  DESK 

1.  For  the  Clerk  or  Salesmn 
2«  For  the  Executive 

VX      XlUf  A/AXXi'X  Owtlllil'vJbiii 

1,  Planning  the  Work 

2,  The  Tickler  File 

3,  Correspondence  Manual 
#•  Instruction  Cards 

5.  Visible  Index 

6.  In  Conclusion 


LTO^  N  I N  ST  I  T  il  T  E 

P'LiicB,.        Nkw  Y#'Iik  City 


Mmkm  Bmimm  iSiii»ice  Repori  No.  

i9tt.l9C€i        

X«    l:^iiiBSK.  iiSHM, 
1*    A  Long  Neglected  Field,  -  It  it  :p?©(lial>lf  mim  t©  i«f  ttet  in 
aiiii»tf*f ivt  per  m^t  of  the  business  officer  of  tiiii  'Ooaiitn'  little  or  no 
tbottght  lifts  been  to  tlie  s'ii]>j#ot  of  dosic  sfsteii     tbO'  porsoiiial  desk  sjsteii 

of  tlie  mrioiis^  ozecutiYOS  and  woTkBn.  Iltho  the  subject  of  costs  is  constantly 

that  liftk:  'Vhicii.  'iipoa  .isiptstipitioii  is  f'Oiind  tnbO'eable  to  'd*sk  iMfffoioiicf  • 

SoiMi  Of  the  bnsines  concerns  who  ha¥e  made  a  studj  of  the  subject 
say  that'  the  ava;rftc«  omplofo  mstts  tventj-five  'per  cmt  of  his  t^lae  thru  lack 
of  desk  systaii«    this  sveoping  assertion-  is  undoubtedly  true  in  many  instaact  s  * 
Bven  if  the  auerage  enploye  wasted  only  thirty  iiiiiiites  each  day  in  searching  for 
BiiS'Placed  papers  and  in  careless  haadling  of  his  desk  worki  that  vould  amount 
to  a  waste  of  nearly  twenty  8-hour  days  in  a  year  -  no  small  itemt-  therefore # 

2«  Bvolution  of  the  Office  Desk,  -  In  common  with  many  other  im- 
provements which  'have  been  made  in  the  modera  business  of ftca  during  the  last 
dozen  O'r  twenty  years ^  a  sweoping  change  has  taken  plao^e  in  the  various  types 
of  offioe  e<|uipment.9  and  especially  in  the  office  desk*  It  is  not  so  very 
many  years  ago  when  it  was  the  fashion  to  have  office  desks  made  of  'walnut 
and  birdseye  'maple*  that  stood  five  feet  hight  opened  up  like  a  safo..t  ^^mA  had 
neat  little  boies  fitted  in  tiers  of  pigeonholes,  not  only  in  the  desk  itself 


The  Iiuilltill*  kaa  wmS  all  MMonable  ineaiis  to  obtain  true  and  reliable  informatimi  on  wUcIl  to  hmm  this  report,  but  does  not 
tnaranl***  'nor  lioM  itself  iable  fvn*  tlio  oocurmcir  of  tlio  atatomonla  contained  therein. 


^^^(Mft.  . . . .....    jSi^tf  w ...  ^ 


but  in  oaob  of  tlit  Aoors.  It  that  tliie  noderii  filing  cabiatts  had  not  yet 
eoiit  into  list,  cottitfttantlj  it  vas  nacassarj  to  keep  within  the  desk  what- 
ever papers  and  raoords  were  needed  in  oonneotion  with  tha  work. 

With  the  introduction  of  filing  cabinets,  which  provided  a  means 
for  storing  papers,  the  roll-top  desk  gradimlly  earn  into  use.    This  was  a 
i»rked  isiprO¥esiettt  on  the  style  of  dask  foroerly  used,  but  even  tha  roll-top 
desk  was  a  huge  piaoe  of  furniture  with  many  opportunities  for  storing  papers 
and  record,!,  ud  equipped  with  cavernous  drawers  on  both  tides  reaching  to 
the  floor.    This  style  of  desk  lasted  a  atinber  of  years,  and  it  was  considered 
an  eiibleii  of  authority  in  an  office  to  occupy  a  roll-top  dask.    Behind  its 
bulli  f ons  many  a  private  conference  could  be  carried  on  and  in  its  cosipart- 
ments  the  docunentary  sacrats  of  the  concern  could  ba  safely  hidden  froa  the 
curious  gasa  of  subordiaatas* 

Later  it  became  customary  to  make  the  roll-top  desks  low  enough 
to  permit  the  occupant  a  clear  view  of  the  office.    In  the  meantime,  filing 
cabinets  were  being  improved,  and  there  was  found  a  decreasing  need  for  util- 
ising the  desk  as  a  storage  cabinet.    This  fact  led  finally  to  the  designing 
of  the  so-called  flat-top  deakt  •  tfft  ©f  €«*k  which  is  almost  uaiversallv 

Mad  taiaw. 

I 

Tha  flat-top  desk,  aa  its  name  implies,  is  in  reality  a  table.  It 
hat  two  pedeatals  containing  a  tarias  of  drawars.    With  the  development  of  the 
principals  of  standardization,  and  especially  with  the  recognition  of  the  advan- 
taget  of  a  large  open  office  as  compared  with  several  small  private  offices,  the 
flat-top  desk  has  come  to  ba  regarded  as  a  most  useful  pieoa  of  equipment. 

S't    funotion  of  tha  Oatt»-  Until  recently,  dat^kt  appear  to.  have 


Bepmi  ii  Fage 


teen  iiBtd  largelf  as  a  mUmr  of  tradition,  and  little  or  no  attention  was 
paid  to  tilt  elimination  mate  notions,  mate  time,  and  other  deterring  fao- 
tori*   It  ii  fnrtlieraore  true  tliat  tlie  aweraft  office  emploje  mm  given  al>- 
solutelj  no  instnictioa  ae  to  how  he  eowld  hest  use  his  desk.    However,  with 
the  inereasinf  interest  in  all  prohlems  of  office  .administration,  attention 
has  been  directed  to  the  desk  as  one  of  the  important  factors  to  be  considered. 

Dispatch  is  one  of  the  first  principles  of  good  management,  and  to 
promote  this  is  the  main  fnnotion  of  the  desk.    It  should  he  the  aim  of  everj 
desk  worker  to  dispose  aa  rapidly  as  poisihle  of  all  matters  coming  to  his 
deskf  and  above  all,  not  to  allow  papers  to  accwmilate  without  taking  action 
on  them*   la  ef f icientlj  arranged  desk  will  enable  the  occupant  to  keep 
abreast  of  the  work  recnilring  his  attention,  hence  will  prove  a  valuable  aid. 

Q^staeles  to  Overcome.  -  Habit  is  a  force  to  be  reckoned  with, 
and  experience  has  shown  that  any  attempt  to  improve  the  desk  habits  of  older 
emploies  usually  meets  with  a  hostile  attitude.    leverthelesSf  many  of  the 
activities  of  the  modern  business  office  have  been  systematizodt  and  desk 
efficiency  should  be  no  exception.    Suitable  efforts  should  be  made  to  reform 
the  habits  of  those  who  opfote  this  change  for  the  better. 

In  alBOSt  any  taislness  office,  even  those  of  the  most  modern  type, 
are  still  found  numerous  exaiiples  of  desk  Inefflolency*   The  sight  of  a  desk 
covered  with  miscellaneous  documents  in  evident  iiitusion,  and  littered  with 
numerous  desk  accessories  •  possibly  even  with  personal  belonginge  of  the 
'OWMV     IS  BOi  uncommo&t 

Ihe  aim  should  be  to  avoid  the  "collecting  habit" i  to  have  a  place 
for  everything,  and  everything  in  its  place.    By  learning  to  assign  different 


oonpartnieats  of  th©  desk  to  sptcifio  pirposes  and  uses,  the  occupaat  will  soon 
'be  milei  .aliiO'St  atttoinaticallf.t  tO'  put  his  haad  on.  the  material  desired. 

11.    SMJCTICai  OF  PBSK 
For  iO»it  ewtrf  kind  of  work  in  the  modern  business  office  a 
ifteial  tfpe  of  desk  ha^t  been  deTlsed^.   We  shall  here  endeavor  to  describe 
tit  larlous  desk  types  which  have  been  foiiiid  most  satisfactory  for  specific 
IIms  of  work* 

1.  Desk  for  Clerical  fork,*  -  'The  type  most  frefiiently  used  for 

jLX  III  HI...  ij  _   ^njuji  I  ...III  ,  "T  I   iir  in  ^ 

olerioal  work  is  the  double  pedestal  flat-top  desk  shown,  in  Figure  1.*  Consid* 
•ration  of  the  value  of  available  floor  space  deteraines  largely  the  sise  of 
the  desk  to  be  usedt  bat  a  desk  with  a  top  34  by  55  inches  affords  ample  space 

for  0:.rdinary  clerical  work  t  the  next  larger  sise,,,  36  by-W  inches,  is  considered 

the  masivufli'  aixe  for  this  .pitrpoea-* 

la  one  of  the  pedestals  there  are  usually  three  drawersi  and  in 
the  other,  two,  of  which  the  lower  one  is  of  double  depth  to  allow  for  the 
vertical  filinf  of  correspondence.    The  center  drawer  contains  compartments 
for  clips,  pine.,  elaeiio  'bands.,  penoils.,  etc..    One  of  the  drawers  is 
provided  with  a  saparate  lock  and  key  and  is  for  the  personal  use  of  the 
occupant.    Besks  of  this  type  must  be  open  to  inspection  by  office  executives 
at  least  once  a  ■month,  to  as  to  prevent  over-accumulation  of  supplies  and 
unfiled  correspoaiiaoe. 

2.  Peak  for  Stenographic  Work..  -  Ttm  standard  type  of  desk  for 
stenographic  work  is  either  a  single  or  a  double-pedestal,  center-drop  type- 
writer desk.    (Figures  2  and  3,).    The  typewriter  rests  on  a  flat  bed  and  when 
not  in  use  is  concealed  under  a  lid  which  fits  into  the  center  of  the  desk* 


In  order  to  bring  the  typewriter  to  tbe  writing  position,  tit  lid  is  lifted 
up  vA  disappofirB  into  tlie  bodj  of  tbe  dosk*    'Tliis^  brings  tlie  flat  bed  on  vliich 
tbi  typewriter  rests  to  tbe  proper  height  for  writing. 

The  double  •pedestal  desk  has  six  drawers.y  three  on  each  side.  The 
s'tandnrd.  siie  of  this  desk  is  35  by  54  inches,  which  allows  ample  room  on  the 
top  tor  a  copyholder,  letter  tray  and  other  necessary  accessories* 

If  space  Bust  be  econoinizedf  the  single'* pedestal  desk  may  he  need 
(32  bf  38  inches)*    The  three  drawers  ^are  usually  sufficient  to  hold  the 

^WW       mw^        WW       w..wwww^f   m  — -.w  WW       w.  ww<>  w       w—   w       'm.mm  ^mm^mmmm^        www        w.w— w»»w        ww       «*w>-><w  ...w 

uHHkUIHHL    JHWUL    jdHIki,  <i^Mk.   .ilMHkj    jmm  .^flM  .^h^^i.^^bw.  J-IMh.,.^ ..awih.  um-mMml  iihS^      ^IK^  ^gi-, 

aaoeatary  siippues* 

3.  Desk  for  Bookkeepers.  •  for  bookkeeping  purposes  various  kinds 
of  desks  have  been  devised,  and  the  right  selection  depends  largely  on  the  kind 
O'f  records  that  are  employed  in  the  bO'O'kkseping  work.    Ilherever  ledgers  'and 
other  heavY  bO'Oks  of  entrv  are  used,  the  old'-stvle  standing  bookkeener^s  desk 
with  a  slanting  ton  is  still  in  favor  and  orobably  will  continue  to  be  so  for 
years  to  come.    The  size  of  the  books  makes  it  necessary  for  the  bookkeeper 

to  do  much  of  his  work  in  a  standing  position,  hence  it  is  necessary  that 
his  desk:  shO'Uld  be  much  higher  than  'the  flat-top  desk.    ^The  standing  desk 
is  usually  equipped  with  a  rack  on  which  books  may  be  placed  when  not  in  use, 
and  has  two  or  three  drawers  for  storage  purposes. 

A  good  type  of  standing  desk  has  skeleton  supports,  and  no  drawers 
exoeiit  those  that  are  immediatelY  under  the  ton. 

4.  Upright  Tub  Desk>.  -  With  the  develo'pment  of  card  record^s,  and 
•specially  the  card  ledger,  a  new  type  of  desk  known  as  the  "Tub**  desk  has 
coiie  into  use.    This  desk  is  of  two  styles,  one  intended  for  standing  and  the 
other  for  s.itting.    The  former  "is  of  the  appearance  of  the  old  style  standing 


m  f 

Bepmrt   Page  


4esk|  except  that  in  placa  of  a  staaiing  top  a  sort  of  tub  lias  been  provided 
into  whleli  traya.  with  card  reo^ords  are  plaoed. 

I  slantinf  platform  mounted  on  runners  is  fitted  into  the  top  of 
the  tub  (see  figure  5),  and  when  entries  are  to  be  made  on  the  eard  records, 
thi«  platf ora  nay  be  moved  from^  one  side  to  the  other  so  that  the  individual 
cards  nay  be  picked  out  of  the  trays  and  plaeed  thereon  for  greater  convenience 

5.    Unit  Card  Record  Desk.  -  The  type  of  tub  desk  for  sitting  is 
approilsiately  30  laches  in  heightt  and  consists  of  at  least  one  wing  with  an 
.addition  at  right  angles  thereto,.,,  whioh  Is  in  the  nature  of  a  small  table 
convenient  for  writing.    In  practlee,  the  clerk  removes  the  cards  from  the 
trays  in  the  tub  by  half  turning  in  his  swivel  chair »  and  when  the  growth  of 
the  reoords  exceeds  the  capacity  of  one  wing„:,f  another  is  added  on  the  other 
side  of  the  writing.  'tabl.e« 

For  bookkeeping  work  whioh  involves  the  use  of  small  books,  or  a 
card  ledger  of  limited  siie,  the  desk  designed  for  ordinary  clerical  work 
(Figure  l)  is  very  well  adapted,  and  the  deep  drawer  in  one  of  the  pedestals 
can  be  fitted  to  contain  either  the  books  or  the  trays  holding  the  cards, 

6t    Desks  for  Salesmen.  -  The  average  salesman  is  usually  an  in* 
efficient  desk  worker.    There  seems  to  be  something  about  the  nature  of  his 
work  which  develops  in  the  salesman  a  feeling  of  contempt  for  desk  organization, 
d  his  faulty  ways  of  handling  his  desk  work  have  perhaps  been  encouraged  by 


the  practice  of  furnishing  siliimen  with  roll- top  desks. 

The  theory  on  whioh  the  practice  is  based  is  that  frequently  a 
salesman  is  suddenly  called  away  from  his  desk  to  see  a  prospeat  or  a  client, 


itepon..  Page  


hmm  it  i:i  mrj  eornvtnltnt  for  Mn  to  'bt  mhl%  to  olost  dowtt  hU  roll -top  on 
my  unfiniiliti  work  at  wliioli  bo  Ms  been  intorruptod.    While  this  »jr  b«  »0f 
tho  practioo  uadoubtodlf  OEOouragoa  careleasness  and  disorder  in  the  salosman^s 
desk  work.    The  roll-top  dosk  of  the  avtrage  saltsinan  ooiild  aptlf  be  oited  as 
a  iiodtl  of  desk  i&ef  fioi:aiio:y:* 

la  mrious  lines  of  biisinesfti  the  praotioe  of  ftirnishing  roll- top 
desks  to  aalesffien  has  of  late  been  abolished,  and  flat-tof  desks  have  been 
substituted.   Efforts  have  been  made  to  train  salesmen  in  orderlf  methods  of 
haniling  their  desk  workt  and  it  has  been  pointed  out  to  them  that  the  apfliea- 
tion  of  of fioient  methods  may  easily  resiilt  in  saving  one^half  of  the  time 
ordinarily  spent  at  the  detkt 

% making  it  impossible  for  him  to  hide  correspondence  and  oard 
records  under  the  roll-top,  the  salesman  is  compelled  to  keep  Mis  desk  in  order 
and  to  arrange  the  desk  equipment  in  compliance  with  his /work. 

7.  Salesmen's  Unit  Desk.  -  One  of  the  office  equipment  manu- 
factiirers  has  developed  a  so-called  unit  desk  for  salesmen,  which  has  some 
merit.    It  is  built  up  of  a  number  of  separate  units  which  are  carried  in  stock 
by  the  manufacturers,  and  which  may  be  seleoted  by  the  purcliaser. 

The  units  consist  of  vertioal  files  for  correspoAieace,  card  trays 
for  different  sises  of  card  rtcordi,  and  other  units  for  special  purposes. 
In  this  manner  provision  may  be  made  for  the  special  needs  of  each  salesman, 
and  if  later  on  some  other  salesman  oooupies  tM "'lll»kt  any  desirit " changes 
may  bt  made  in  the  individual  units. 

8.  Pe-ski  for  gyecutiyes.  -  The  us'ual  practice  is  to  supply  depart^ 
ment  beads  and  etecutlvei  with  a  ioublt-fedwstali  flat  top  desk  of  the  standard 


sisOf      by  iO  iaobO'if  (ifigiari  l)  w  to  employ  8>  do'ublo  flat-topt  double - 

p^tesiml  de'S'kf  tiss  '#8  by  SO  inobes  •   ^Zbe  fO:iiiier  'bas  beta  freviO'itfily  desoribed, 

but  the  dottble  flat-tof  desk  is  a  new  type*    In  structure  it  is  like  the 
ordinary  tMt-top  desk  ezotpt  tbat  tbe  double  widtb  pennits  a  double  set  of 
drawers  -  one  on  eaob  side  •  tbus  making  two  dasks  in  onot  tlie  oocupKti 
faoing  eaob  otber,    Tbis  desk  vas  probably  designed  for  spaoe  saving  purfoses» 
but  many  exeoutives  have  found  that  the  arrangeiient  is  well  suited  for  use  in 
working  with  a  secretary  or  assistant  who  may  sit  at  the  opposite  side  of  the 
desk  wfaea  fluaneitid  for  diotatioa  or'  eonf#reno'a# 

In  the  drawers  on  the  far  side  may  'be  filed  s^iiofa  latters  and  other 
'material  as  the  secretary  nay  need  for  rO'f e^renoe  while  taking  di'Otatioa* 

The  average  e,xectttive.t.  howevert  finds  most  satisfaction  la  the 
standard  flat-top»  double-pedestal  desk,    I  work  table  to  be  used  at  interviews 
and  for  reference  wo:rk'  should  be  placed  in  suob  a  'way  that  a  S'wivel  o^hair  oaa 
be  turned  qu'iokly  from  the  desk  to  the  table* 

t*    Miscellaneous  Desks*  -  there  have  recently  oone  into  use  t'wo 
S'tyles  of  desks  which  require  special  mention*    Xhe  fi'rat  is  the  so-oalled 
•fable''  desk,  and  the  S'econdt  the  •'Pedestal  Drop  Typewriter  B'esk-*"    The  former 
has  come  into  use  as  a  result  of  aa  att'smpt  to  check  the  tendeacy  on  the  part 
of  employes  to  convert  their  desks  into  storage  housea.    furthermora,,  in  view 
of  the  high  value  of  floor  spaoa,,  especially  in  the  financial  districts  of 
large  cities 9  a  need  was  felt  for  a  desk  'that  would  economise  space  as  much 
'as  foS'Si'ble.* 

1  prominent  life  insurance  company  in  lew  fork  City  some  time  ago 
patented  such  a  desk  for  the  use  of  employes  in  its  home  of fleet  and  claims 


tli«rt%"  t0  liftv*  rtiiiatd  tho  roquired  off loe  spaot  fron^  four  floor^s  to  ttiree. 

JLflV    vl»'i9aLw   lilvB-JL   JkM'  Wm  UvUOJL   Oa    IIJLIIIOJLX'VA  wj<c       JbW  iB    %J\J  aUvM'vII  • 

'Iho  side  drawora  hmu  adjustalilo  cofflpartments  for  lottor  papart  pads  ^aitd  stook 
fornSi  vliiO'li  are  stt  slaniiiifly  for  oompaotaesa  and.  aooossibilitj,  ttiO"  oanter 
draver  btiug  divided  into  oonpartmants  for  clips,  pins,  elastic'  'bands,  pencils 

The  olmir  wMcli  goes  witli  tlie  desk  is  also  of  special  design  and 
oonstruotion.    It  is  without  arms  and  is  placed  under  the  desk  when  not  in  use. 
:iaoh  desk  user  has,  in  addition  to  the  ecpiipment  mentioned,  a  steel  locker  in 
which,  at  the  end  of  each  office  daf,  his  work  is  so  arranged  that  in  the  event 

of  his  absence  froii  the  offioe  thru  sickness  or  for  other  oauses  ,  the  exact 

place  'Where  the  work  was  stopped  may  be  pro^iwptlj  determined,  and  all  peiiing 

mtters  taken  eare  of  without  delav* 

The  ''^Pedes^tal  Drop  l^ypewriter  DS'Sk'*^  was  designed  to  allow  the 

occupant  to  do  clerical  or  typewriting  work  alternately,    this  type  of  desk 

saorif ioes  the  drawer  space  in  one  pedestal  since  the  typewriting  machine  is 

housed  'ihtrein*    (figure  i)« 

'The  false  front  of 'lie  pedestal  is  pulled  forward  in  a  quarter-- 

oirole  ^and  inserted  into  the  pedestal,  thereby  revealing  the  bed  on  which  the 

typewriting  machine  is  placed,    fhis  is  then  pulled  forward,  and  with  an  upward 

# 

lift  is  placed  into  position  approximately  where  the  ordinary  desk  slide  would 
'bt'  if  pulled  m%  ol  \hB  desk. 

Such  an  arrangement,  while  sacrificing  some  drawer  spacst  tziables 
the  occupant  to  use  the  entire  top  of  the  desk  for  clerical  work  and  to  turn 
witbout  waste  motion  from  one  elaas  of  work  to  the  other* 


BqMfrt  .......M  Fa^e  'ML 

♦ 

For  Clarks.  -  For  clerical  workers  and  salesmen,  an  armless 
swivel  chair  of  simple  but  strong  construction  has  been  provided.    The  back  of 
tli0  Chair  is  so  sMped  as  to  giv©  the  necessarj  support  to  the  occupant |  the 
absence  of  arms  prevents  anj  interference  with  the  pulling  out  of  desk  drawers, 
and  periiits  quick  novemonts  to  and  froii  the  chair* 

2-    For  Stenographers,  -  This  type  of  chair  has  been  found  desirable 
also  for  stenographtrst  with  the  exception  that  the  back  support  is  made  of  a 
curved  arm  coming  from  the  seat  of  the  chair  and  terminating  in  a  padded  leather 
support  which  is  adjustable  to  the  back  of  the  occupant.    A  chair  of  this  kind 
will  prevent  undue  fatigue  to  the  stenographer  and  is  a  good  investment, 

^0''  Bxeoutivest  -  For  department  heads  and  executives,  "the 
chftire  are  usually  provided  with  arms  and  the  backs  are  higher  than  those  of 
clerical  worlers.    ienerally  speaking,  a  good  and  comfortable  office  chair 
contributes  greatlf  to  the  proper  performance  of  the  office  work. 

PgSK  BQmPMKNT  AMD  SUPPLIBS 
Keeping  in  mind  that  the  desk  is  not  to  be  a  storehouse  where  pa- 
pers and  supples  may  accumulate  in  unsightly  array,  ask  yourself  the  question, 
'•ihat  articles  are  absolutely  essential  to  my  work  at  this  desk?"    ihen  this 
question  has  been  fairly  answered,  proceed  to  get  rid  of  all  other  pieces  of 
equipment  and  sui.plies.    You  will  probably  be  astonished  at  the  amount  of 
material  that  you  can  do  without,  and  you  will  experience  personal  comfort  at 

^'    Tt^Q  PQsk  Top.  -  The  object  is  to  have  a  desk  tO;  practically 
free  from  encumbrances,    Iven  tho  this  object  be  seldom  fully  attained,  yet* 


S0  11 

B^^t  Pmg^-  


a  great  deal  oan  be  done  toward  it.    TOien  desk  trays  are  used,  ne¥er  allow 
paperi  to  remaiia  in  them  for  any  liigtu  of  time.    Under  a  well  planned  sjstea 
all  outgoing  and  incoming  matter  will  be  collected  and  distributed  once  every 
hour  or  oftener.    (This  feature  is  discussed  in  detail  in  Modern  Business 
Report  No*  77).    Mail  and  papers  for  the  files  should  be  promptly  attended 
to.    k  glass-top  desk  pad  will  enable  one  to  put  many  records  out  of  the 
•ay  and  yet  keep  them  in  sight.    Under  the  glass  may  be  kept,  for  example, 
a  telepone  list,  an  index  to  important  papers  in  the  files,  a  list  of  office 
niles,  and  to  forth. 

The  only  other  article  of  equipment  to  be  permanently  located  on 
the  desk  top  is  a  small  tray  of  3  by  5  cards  for  use  in  connection  with  a 
"tickler*'  or  follow-up  file.    Unless  ink  wells,  paste  pots,  paper  fasteners, 
calendars,  and  the  like  are  in  constant  use,  they  should  not  be  placed  on  the 
desk  as  they  give  an  appearance  of  disorder  and  detract  from  the  occupant's 
working  efficiency. 

The  telephone  is  an  indispensable  adjunct  of  the  modern  business 
office,  but  it  is  not  always  so  placed  as  to  perform  properly  its  function  as 
desk  equipment.    The  telephone  should  be  placed  preferably  on  the  left  side 
of  the  desk,  out  of  the  way  but  within  easy  reach,  and  it  should  not  be  encuii- 
beiad  with  an^  of  the  accessories  which  well  meaning  but  often  misguided  office 
equipment  manufacturers  have  .placed  on  the  market. 

'Hi 

In  many  business  concerns  special  interior  telephone  systems  have 
come  into  use  and  form  a  valuable  means  of  communication  between  different 
departments.    Such  systems  are  discussed  In  detail  in  Modern  Business  Report 
No. 77,  '•Interdepartmental  Communications."    The  two  telephones  should  be  so 


8«  12 

Report  Page  


placed  as  not  to  interfere  with  each  other. 

The  electric  call  button  is  another  accessor,  which  is  practically 
iadiipensahle  where  quick  messenger  service  is  needed. 


lers  and  typiats  are  usually  supplied  with  copy-holders 
.hich  are  placed  directly  hack  of  the  machine.    Such  device,  not  only  promote 
speed  and  accuracy,  but  they  also  contribute  to  the  operator's  comfort.  The 
copy-hclders  should  never  be  placed  at  the  side,  but  always  directly  in  front  of 
the  operator,  as  a  sldwri.e  position  results  in  eyestiuin  and  geneml  fatigue. 

of  copy-holder  is  provided  with  a  flexible  pneumatic  tube 
-hich  is  connected  at  on.  end  with  a  special  key  mounted  at  the  side  of  the 
typewiter  keyboard,  and  at  the  other  end  with  a  thin  metal  strip.    This  strip 

is  movable  and  is  placed  acroaa  -feha  tanm  +1.. 

VMio.a  across  tne  face  of  the  copy  after  the  latter  is  fastened 

to  the  holder.    The  strip  serves  as  a  guide  to  the  operator's  eye  in  reading 
the  copy  -  a  slight  pressure  on  the  key  resulting  in  lowering  the  strip  to  the 

2.    The  Interior  of  Desk.  -  General  supplies  should  consist  of  a 
small  number  of  pencil,  and  pens,  one  hard  and  one  soft  eraser,  ink-well,  a 
small  number  of  paj»r  clips  and  rubber  bands,  a  few  blotters,  and  a  scratch 

possible,  the  pus  and  ink  well  should  be  replaced  by  a  fountain 
pen.    R„l.r,  scissor,  and  paper  punches  should  not  be  kept  in  the  desk  unless 
th»y  are  really  .very-day  reauisit... 

Paper  «.ight.  ar.  unn.c.ssary.  inaswoh  as  the  desk  top  Is  free  of 
all  papers  except  those  for  immediate  use.   In  many  concerns  paste  pots  and 
sponges  can  be  eliMnated  from  the  desk  .qulpB.nt  and  their  use  ccnf Ined  to  the 
■ailing  and  filing  departments,  which  are  responsible  for  the  work  of  pasting 


JB""  W 


Bepmi  ^  m — 

L«tiarh«ads,  eavelopa  and  printed  f  orms  slioiild  b«  k«pt  doin  to  tho 
simllett  poisiblo  qmmtlUm.    Not  more  tlian  one  week's  supply  should  be  kept 
in  tlie  desk,  and  tlie  remainder  of  not  more  than  one  montli's  supplj  should  be 
kept  in  a  storage  cabinet.    The  main  supply  belongs  in  the  Supply  Department 
and  from  there  should  be  obtained  at  regular  intervals* 

Stationery  and  forms  may  be  oonveniently  and  neatly  arranged  in  one 
drawer  of  the  desk  by  means  of  an  inner  drawer  file.    Each  kind  of  stationery 
or  foni  is  kept  in  a  separate  compartment,  the  partitions  overlapping  to  save 
ipace.    This  file  will  prove  of  considerable  help  to  tie  stenographer. 

Catologs,  pamphlets  and  miscellaneous  oirculars  should  not  be 
allowed  to  accumulate  in  the  desk.    If  they  are  to  be  kept  for  future  reference 
they  should  be  filed  systematically  in  folders  in  the  deep  drawer  of  the  desk, 
or  better  yet,  in  one  of  the  drawers  of  a  vertical  correspondence  file. 

Dietaphone  cylinders  should  not  be  stored  in  the  desk  except  when 
needed  for  overtime  work.    Ordinarily,  a  messenger  service  is  maintained  to 
collect  the  records  and  deliver  them  to  the  head  dictaphone  operator,  and  also 
to  distribute  new  cflindere  to  etei  i#sk. 

^'    l^os*^  Helps  for  the  Department  Head  and  Biecutive.  -  In  addition 
to  the  desk  trays,  glass-top  desk  pad,  and  tray  for ilckler  slips,  there  are 
various  devices  on  the  market,  intended  to  save  the  executive's  time  in  the 
performance  of  routine  work.    Among  the  most  important  of  these  is  the  dicta- 

TBP''iiB^'aiai|^^    >  wllll^^^^a'^^'''iBieMiia^'  liB^^w 

This  device  has  bewn  introduced  so  widely  in  business  offices  that 
it  is  unnecessary  to  give  here  any  description  of  its  mechanical  features.  It 


Bqmi  M  Page  1* 


is  ©aoufli  that  w«  eiipliagiit  the  iiiiporta»ct  of  ibis  devlct  to  tlit  busy  ©leoutivo 
who  Is  aniioiis  to  oonserv©  Ms  Um  and  to  maJce  tvtry  «ff ort  count. 

Neither  should  the  executive  he  without  the  iater-departiieatal 
ielephotte.    By  nerelf  pressing  a  key,  instantaneous  coimiuni cation  is  effected 
with  any  desired  station  in  the  organization.    Thus  everyone  in  the  office  may 
be  kept  in  touoi With  the  executive  and  available  at  instant  call, 

farious  little  desk  helps  have  been  devised.    One  is  to  sink  a 
telephone  index  in  the  desk  slide  nearest  the  telephone.    The  visible  index 
panel  should  be  used  in  order  that  new  nanes  and  numbers  loay  be  inserted  with 
the  greatest  Mse, 

Into  the  right-hand  desk  slide  may  be  sunk  a  small  pad  scheduling 
'•things  to  do  today. furthermore,  the  memorandum  pad  furnished  with  the 
dictating  machine  may  be  placed  in  this  fashion.    Such  use  of  the  desk  slide 
is  convenient  and  systematic,  and  presents  a  neat  appearance. 

V.  MYODY  Of  m  DBSK 
from  the  suggestions  already  given  it  should  be  an  easy  matter  to 
arrange  one's  desk  iiiirding  to  one's  own  particular  needs,  but  in  order  that 
the  ma.tter  may  be -simplified  as  muoh  as  possible,  let  us  examine  a  practical 
desk  layout  for  clerks  or  salesmen,  and  also  a  layout  for  the  executive. 

It  must  be  remembered  that  once  a  place  has  been  assigned  for  a 
particular  article,  that  place  should  be  used  for  nothing  else,  as  any  deviation 
from  the  established  system  will  mean  more  or  less  confusion  and  loss  of  time. 

The  one  rule  that  applies  to  every  desk  and  that  must  be  emphasized 
isf  Always  keep  the  top  of  the  desk  clear  for  action. 


IL0 

^port  Page  


!•    For  the  Clerk  or  Salesman.- 

CIMTIE  MAlERt    To  be  fitted  with  a  desk  trajt  divided  into  compartments 
for  pencils,  blotters,  erasers,  clips  and  whatever  tools  or 
supplies  raai  be  most  fraqueatlf  used. 

EI01T-HMD  UPPER  DHAWERt  (Assuming  that  the  three-drawer  arrangement  is 
on  the  right  side  of  the  desk)    To  be  used  for  necessary  supplies 
-  envelops,  letter-heads  and  forms* 

RIGHT- HA10  MIDDliK  DRAilRi    To  be  reserved  for  personal  use.    This  drawer 
is  provided  with  a  sepamto  lock  and  should  be  the  only  drawer  that 
is  not  unlocked ^iiliS^  to  inspection  at  all  times. 

RIQHT-MID  LOilR  DRAIflRi    Should  contain  a  '•Work  Organiser. "    This  is  a 
sort  of  pasteboard  filing  case  which  consist  of  a  series  of 
folders  arranged  with  each  edge  receding  about  one  inch  to  allow 
for  labeling  the  preceding  folder. 

It  lies  flat  in  the  drawer  with  each  label  plainly  visible. 
To  be  effective  the  labels  must  be  typed  and  should  suggest  the 
eiact  nature  of  the  work  containedt  as,  "Letters  to  he  answered 

III I'll 

lilFT-HAND  UPPER  DRAWER i    For  card  files  and  other  records  such  as 

tickler»  follow-up  filet  desk  instruction  cards,  address  list8« 

DOUBLil  DRAWERi    For  correspondence  and  reference  file  -  departmental 
reports,  etc.    This  file  should  ba  strictly  personal.  Other 
papers  should  be  entered  on  the  tickler  follow-up  cards,  if 
necessary 9  and  immediately  sent  to  the  ganeral  files. 

2.    For  the  Ejcecutive.- 

CEHTBR  DRAWER!    To  be  fitted  with  a  desk  tray,  divided  Into  compart- 
ments for  pencils,  blotters,  erasers,  clips  and  whatever  tools 
supplies  may  be  iiofit  frequently  used. 


RiaHT-HAHD  UPPER  DRAWERS    for  stationery  and  other  supplies. 
RIOMT-MMD  MIDDLE  DRAWIRs    "Work  Organiier"  for  current  work. 
Riaiif-HAiD  LOWER  DRAWBRt    "Work  Organiser"  for  reference 


LEFT-HAND  UPPER  DRAWIRs    for  tiokler»  follow-up  file  and  other  card 
records.   Also  personal  matters'* 


DOUBLE  DEAWlRs    for  filing  correspondence,  unclassified  material  and 
•iiptnrlaorf  rt cords. 


¥!•  THE  DAILY  SCHBDOIil 
P^ft'^"^'^g        Worlc>"  Eaoli  exacutiva  or  clerk  should  always  bavt 
bffor©  him  a  list  of  ••thingg  to  do  today."   The  list  of  the  day  should  alwjs 
be  made  out  the  night  before,  so  that  upon  his  arrival  at  the  desk  in  the  Hom- 
ing the  important  things  to^  be  undertaken  will  not  be  overlooked  or  delayed* 

The  list  nay  be  kept  well  before  one's  attention  by  placing  it  under 

flip 

the  glass  top  or,  as  has  been  suggested,  a  pad  may  be  sunk  in  the  right-hand 
aliile  of  the  desk* 

In  order  to  make  the  most  of  each  day's  work,  onu  must  plan  it 
beforehand.    Each  hour  and  minute  should  be  regulated,  as  far  as  possible,  by 
a  filed  schedule.    Thus  when  the  executive  arrives  at  the  office  he  knows  that, 
for  exMple,  from,  nine  until  ten  will  be  occupied  in  reading  mil  .and  dictating. 
It  ten  will  come  conferences  and  intervievsi  at  eleven,  left-overs  are  to  be 
cleaned  up|  at  eleven-thirty  come  planning,  study  of  problems,  etcf  at  one- 
thirty,  interviews  and  conferencesi  at  two-thirty,  some  constructive  work,  and 
at  four  the  day's  work  is  cleaned  up,  late  correspondence  dictated,  mail 

iNHi  'A  ii 

'I^V 'ili  ^PtIp'' 

It  matters  not  just  how  one's  schedule  is  arranged,  but  it  should 
be  carefulli  thought  out  beforehand  so  that  iinportiint  flatters  may  be  attended 
to  without  fail.    As  each  item  is  disposed  of,  it  should  be  crossed  off  the 
list  so  that  at  the  end  of  the  day  any  neglected  work  will  of  Itself  demand 
attention  and  will  be  carried  forward  op  the  next  diiy's  list. 

Every  business  nan  must  have  some  system  whereby,  without  relying 
upon  his  memory,  he  may  have  important  matters  come  to  his  attention  automat- 
ically.   One  of  the  first  inventions  along  this  line  was  the  calendar  desk  pad. 


Meport  If 


which'is  atill  being  relied  upon  to  a  large  extent  bj  business  exocutiwes, 
Whenewer  a  mat  tor  sliouM  be  brought  up  on  a  future  datOi  a  note  can  easily  be 
entered  on  tbe  calendar  slip  for  that  date. 

2.  The  Tickler  File,*  Perhaps  the  most  elastic  system  for  follow- 
ups  is  the  "tickler**  file*    This  consists  of  a  small  tray  with  index  cards 
for  the  months  and  days.    Back  of  each  day  card  are  filed  memo  slips  or  cards 
on  which  are  noted  the  matters  that  are  to  oome  up  for  attention  on  that  date, 
.At  the  beginning  of  each  day  the  c^ards  for  that  day  are  taken  out,  and  the 
matters  attended  tO'  at  once  or  the  earde  returned  to  the  tickler  and  filed 
under  a  future  date* 

In  handling  the  daily  work  the  general  rule  to  be  observed  is  "one 
thing  at  a  t.ime  and  that  to  be  disposed  of  before  proceeding  to  another.'' 

^The  first  thinf  on  arriving  at  the.  office  the  "Worker  reads  his  mail* 
He  then  places  it  in  the  "work  organiier"  in  the  folder  labeled  "Today's  Hail." 
He  takes  out  one  piece  at  a  time  and  on  it  he  notes  what  disposition  is  to  he 
made  of  it.    If  it  requires  a  reply,  he  dictates  a  letter,  makes  a  notation,  and 
then  places  it  in  the  folder  for  "Dictated  Letters,"    If  it  is  a  'matter  to  come 
up  in  several  days,  he  .makes  a  slip  for  his  tickler,  marks  "file"  on  the  letter, 
and  drops  i'b  into  the  "out**  basket »  from  which. .it  goes  to  the  filing  department. 

3-  CorreBpondence  Manual.-  For  those  who  do  a  large  amount  of 
dictating  on  a  limited  number  of  subjects  there  are  various  practical  schemes 
for  saving  time.    The  most  important  is  the  correspondence  .manual.  'This 
consists  of  standard  openings  for  letters,  standard  paragraphs  for  the  body 
of  the  letter,  and  standard  complimentary  closings,  arranged  by  number  in 
a  loose-leaf  book..    By  using  this  ma.nual,  letters  may  largely  be  dictated  by 


aTMberSi  and  all  accessary  data  may  easily  bo  inserted  by  the  stenographer* 
I»  a  frtat  maof  inataaots  this  msthod  of  diotatioa  will  prO¥t  a  vast  sairiag 
of  flit'  correspondettt*"!  Miii. 

4.  Ins t rue t i oa  Carda , >  la  the  development  aad  standardl nation  of 
the  routiae  tliruout  the  offictt  *  point  will  tiltimately  be  reached  when  each 
deit  will  he  reiarded  as  devoted  to  the  performance  of  certain  functions,  and 
a  view  nay  he  had  of  the  entire  organiiatioa  as  represented  by  fmotioas  rather 
than  by  the  iadiviittals  perf  omiBg  them. 

To  oarry  O'lat  this  ideat  eaeh  desk  should  be  equipped  with  a  set  of 
instruction  cards  describiag  uader  subjeot  headiags  aad  thru  subdivisioas  the 
nature  of  th«  work  done  at  the  desk  in  question.    Moreoveri  the  salesman  must 
have  prospect  eard  records,  and  the  executive. a  record  of  production  and  costs, 
al.se  'eiifilO;yet'^*  record Af '  •in* 

Such  records  take  up  but  little  room  aad  'may  easily  be  kept  in  the 
desk,  as  suggested  in  a  previous  sectioa..  '  But  when  records  of  greater  bulk  are 
aeoessarft  they  must  bt  provided  for  outside  the  desk.. 

Visible  Index*-*  A  handy  iastrumeat  for  keeping  records  is  the 

mmmmmmk  i  m  i  — 

visible  index.    Zaf onoatioa  is  briefed  oa  a  3  by  5  card  aad  the  oards  are 
iaserted  by  meaas  of  pateated  hinges. in  frames  mounted  oa  S'taads.    Thus  thous- 
ands of  cards  are  immediately  before  the  view  of  the  searcher  and  as  they 
overlap  each  other,  exposiag  oaly  the  key  iafo^rmatioa,  it  is  unnecessary  to 

^»  In  Ooiioluf toa«  -  lay  one  may  start  a  system,  of  this  sort*  Let 
hia  take  a  basket  aad  cleaa  out  his  desk*    Let  him  put  away  oraaneats  aad 

It 

persoaal  articleSf  aad  let  his  office  be  decorated  only  la  so  far  as  it  is 


jfe^PO/*^»..ii  :».»  •!  •  »  —  Jt^dffC  ................. 

86  29 


mil  mid  to  Mi  work.   Ho  iliouicl  clean  nn+     «  ^  , 

iaouM  olean  out  hia  dosJc  ovory  week,  but  sHould  not 

ar  me  weakly  elaiiitiiig.    ft  ahould  bo  clean  and  opon  to 


^'Otiott 


R«»«bor  tl.i.  principlo,    The  deak  .qulp^m*  and  papers  should 

alTOjrs  be  arranged  In  suoh  order,  that  in  the  even* 

.         in  the  event  of  the  person's  absence  or 

dlsahllit;,  his  substitute  ■ill  v„„„  x 

*  TiXBuse  .HI  kBow  how  to  proceed  with  the  work. 


FIGURE  I 
DOUBLE -PEDESTAL  FLAT -TOP  DESK 


DOUBLEr PEDESTAL   CENTRE -DROP   TYPEWRITER  DESK 


SIMGLE  ^PEOESTAt 


FIOURE  8 
DROP -TOP  TYPEWRITER  DESK 


r 


HON 


CURC  4 
yHIT    CARO^ASCORO  DESK 


REPORT  86 


_         FIGURE  5 
UPRIGHT  "Hutf  DESK  FOR   CARD  RECORDS 


f  lGURE  6 


REPORT  86 


PEDESTAL-DROP  TYPEWRITER   AND  CLERICAL  DESK 


$ 


a I  2. 
...IIIIP  .    ■  ^^^^^ 


St 


■ 


